M23 rebels, reportedly backed by Rwanda, claimed they captured Goma early on Monday. This occurred just before the 48-hour deadline they set for the Congolese army to surrender expired. Following the capture, the rebels urged Goma residents to stay calm. Additionally, they called on the Congolese soldiers to assemble at the central stadium.
UN Reports Mass Panic
Meanwhile, the United Nations reported widespread panic among Goma’s 2 million residents. Over a third of the population in North Kivu province is already displaced. As a result, the capture of Goma is expected to worsen the crisis. UN peacekeepers began processing soldiers who had started surrendering on the city’s outskirts. Congolese government spokesman Patrick Muyaya described the situation as “a war situation” and emphasized the urgent need to protect civilians.
Rebel Offensive Fuels Fear
The M23 rebels’ offensive is threatening to escalate one of Africa’s longest-running conflicts. In recent weeks, the rebels have gained significant ground along Congo’s border with Rwanda. They had previously demanded that the Congolese army surrender by 3 a.m. or face an attack. In response, some Congolese soldiers laid down their weapons. Meanwhile, civilians, fearing for their safety, fled the area. UN peacekeepers confirmed that many soldiers and civilians sought shelter at various military bases.
Rwanda Denies Support for Rebels
Congo has accused Rwanda of backing the M23 rebels, a claim that Rwanda continues to deny. However, Rwanda has acknowledged deploying troops in eastern Congo for security reasons. Rwandan Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe stated that Congo’s decision to cut diplomatic ties was unilateral. Consequently, Rwanda evacuated its remaining diplomat from Congo, citing safety concerns.
M23’s History and Impact
The M23 rebels previously seized Goma in 2012 but withdrew after significant international pressure. This time, however, the rebels’ control of the city has resulted in further instability. Despite support from UN peacekeepers and SAMIDRC forces, Goma remains under threat. In addition, civilians like Bahati Jackson have decided to stay, despite the risks, saying, “If we’re going to die, it’s better to die here.”
Calls for Ceasefire and Action
The United States and France have jointly called for an immediate ceasefire. They also urged Rwanda to stop supporting the M23 rebels. Acting U.S. Ambassador Dorothy Shea warned that the U.S. would consider all options to hold accountable those who fuel the conflict. In a similar vein, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres condemned the M23’s actions and demanded that they immediately withdraw from Goma.
Civilians Flee for Safety
As a result of the escalating violence, many civilians are attempting to flee Goma in search of safety. Displaced people like Safi Shangwe and Adèle Shimiye are concerned about their futures, with some heading toward Rwanda. UN Deputy Humanitarian Chief Joyce Msuya raised alarms, warning that if the conflict spills into Goma—a densely populated urban center—the impact on civilians could be catastrophic. Consequently, the situation continues to deteriorate, and international intervention is becoming increasingly critical.