After the Gaza ceasefire took effect, Hamas quickly reasserted its control over the coastal strip, despite Israel’s intense efforts to dismantle the group during the 15-month war. Militants from Hamas were spotted waving their flag and patrolling the streets of Gaza, signaling that the group was back in power. This swift return caught many by surprise, as Israel had previously decimated Hamas’s leadership.
Surprise Among Gaza Residents
The sudden reappearance of Hamas militants stunned many Gaza residents. The fighters emerged in clean uniforms, appearing well-fed and healthy. One resident, a 24-year-old, commented, “They came out of hiding in a snap of a finger.” This contrasted sharply with the earlier image of Hamas being on the brink of defeat. Even while Hamas militants were handing over hostages to Israel, they appeared far from defeated, riding in clean vehicles and sporting well-maintained military uniforms.
Uncertainty Surrounding Hamas Survivors
It remains unclear how many Hamas leaders and fighters survived the conflict, or where they were hiding during the war. Since the ceasefire, Hamas has resumed its governance, deploying police forces to the streets, managing aid distribution, and attempting to restore order in Gaza.
Palestinian Authority Opposes Hamas Rule
Meanwhile, the Palestinian Authority (PA) continues to assert that it should be the governing body of Gaza. Prime Minister Mohammad Mustafa emphasized, “It will not be acceptable for any entity to govern the Gaza Strip but the legitimate Palestinian leadership and the government of the State of Palestine.” The U.S., particularly during the Biden administration, supported the idea of a renewed PA presence in Gaza, but Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu rejected this, fearing it would imply recognition of Palestine’s statehood.
Israel Rejects PA’s Role in Post-War Gaza
Israel has dismissed the notion of the Palestinian Authority playing a role in Gaza. Netanyahu’s office recently rejected reports suggesting that Israel had partnered with the PA in Gaza. Israeli officials have insisted that post-war governance in Gaza should involve the international community, not the PA.
Hamas Struggles With Challenges
Although Hamas has regained control, it faces significant hurdles. Much of its infrastructure, including government buildings, was destroyed during the war. As a result, officials have resorted to using paper records instead of digital systems. They also report to bombed-out headquarters on foot. “Hamas is much weaker than it was before Oct. 7,” noted Michael Milshtein, a former intelligence analyst specializing in Palestinian affairs.
Hamas Exerts Control Despite Difficulties
Despite these challenges, Hamas continues to enforce its authority in Gaza. Local municipalities have been collaborating with Hamas to clear debris, remove trash, and repair damaged infrastructure. Hamas appears determined to maintain control over the region, despite the obstacles it faces.
Israel Remains Focused on Eliminating Hamas
Israel continues to pursue its primary goal: the elimination of Hamas. Foreign Minister Gideon Saar reaffirmed that Hamas’s rule is a threat to Israel’s security. He emphasized that Israel has not agreed to a permanent ceasefire, signaling that the conflict remains unresolved. Whether Hamas will strengthen its position during the ceasefire or if peace efforts will ultimately fail remains uncertain.