Why are Women more at risk of developing Liver Diseases?

Liver diseases pose a significant health concern for women, with several factors contributing to their susceptibility. Autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, are more prevalent among women, leading to liver inflammation and damage. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is another common concern, with women being more susceptible to its severity and liver fibrosis due to factors like obesity and sedentary lifestyles.

Viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis E, may affect women more than men, while alcoholic liver disease poses risks due to differences in alcohol metabolism and body composition. Drug-induced liver injury is also a concern, with hormonal imbalances potentially increasing women’s risk, especially with medications like oral contraceptives.
Pregnancy-related liver disorders, such as Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) and HELLP syndrome, require attention and can impact liver function. Wilson Disease, a rare genetic disorder, affects both genders but may manifest differently in females due to hormonal influences.

Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) are autoimmune conditions affecting the liver, with PBC more commonly seen in middle-aged women.
Promoting healthy lifestyles is crucial in preventing liver diseases. Dietary modifications, exercise, and stress management can help prevent fatty liver disease, a growing concern. Raising awareness, especially in rural and semi-urban areas, is essential to encourage women to adopt healthier lifestyles and prioritize their liver health.

In conclusion, while liver diseases affect both genders, women may face unique challenges due to hormonal influences, pregnancy-related factors, and autoimmune predispositions. By promoting awareness and lifestyle modifications, the incidence and severity of liver diseases in women can be mitigated, ensuring better overall health outcomes.
The author is the HOD and Senior Consultant, HPB Surgery and Liver Transplant at Sanar International Hospitals.