Inputs by Colon cancer or colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum. The colon and rectum are parts of the digestive system, responsible for processing food and eliminating waste. The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that it accounts for around 10% of all cancer cases worldwide and is the third most common cancer overall as well as the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Usually, it arises from abnormal growths known as polyps, which might eventually turn malignant despite their initial benign nature. If treatment is not received, these polyps may infiltrate surrounding tissues and spread to other areas of the body. This process is known as metastasis. The polyps may grow along the inner lining of the colon or rectum.
There has been a concerning trend of colon cancer affecting young people in recent years. While traditionally, colon cancer has been associated with older individuals, there has been a notable increase in diagnoses among younger adults.
Although there are some inherited predispositions to colon cancer, the notable increase in cases is mostly due to outside causes. The following factors raise a person’s risk of developing colorectal cancer: smoking, inflammatory bowel disease, poor eating habits, obesity, and excessive alcohol consumption.
The rise in colon cancer incidence among younger adults underscores the importance of raising awareness about the disease’s signs and symptoms. While symptoms such as rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss are often associated with colon cancer, they can be overlooked or attributed to other causes in younger individuals. Heightened awareness and proactive screening are essential for early detection and treatment.
Dr. Manish Sharma suggested a few lifestyle modifications that can reduce the risk of colon cancer:
1. Reduce your intake of red meat – Colon cancer has been linked to heavy red meat consumption, especially when it comes to processed or burned meats. While cooking, it may have an effect on the production of compounds that cause cancer because of its high fat and protein content. The processing or cooking techniques used on red meat, such as grilling or smoking, may also be related. When cooked at such high temperatures, they can produce carcinogens linked to cancer. Instead switch to plant protein and lean protein meals like fish and chicken are two other great sources of protein.
2. Eat less sugar -Frequent intake of sugar-filled beverages has been linked to a higher risk of developing breast and colon cancer, among other cancers. Consuming a lot of sugar can increase insulin resistance and obesity, two conditions that increase the chance of developing several cancers. Furthermore, the metabolism of sugars may contribute to the proliferation of cancer cells. Dr. Sharma notes that while research has been done, the results are conflicting about whether artificial sweeteners actually raise the risk of cancer. Just as he advocates consuming sugar in moderation, he also suggests using artificial sweeteners in moderation.
3. Eat a lot of fibre – There are many advantages to eating more fibre, such as lowering constipation, controlling blood sugar surges, and strengthening heart and intestinal health. Additionally, it can lower the chance of developing colon cancer. Dietary fibre has “several important roles in colon cancer prevention,” according to a 2018 review of studies. These roles include promoting better bowel movements and lowering the quantity of carcinogens created during digestion.
4. Cut down on alcohol – The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention state that alcohol consumption raises the risk of mouth and throat, colon and rectum, liver, and breast cancers, among other cancer types. The National Cancer Institute states that even moderate drinking is linked to an elevated risk of colon cancer. This is due to the fact that alcohol is broken down by the body into the chemical acetaldehyde, which destroys cell DNA and may allow cells to start multiplying uncontrollably, which is how malignant tumors originate.
Dr. Manish Sharma suggested “The rising number of young people developing colon cancer is a complex problem that needs to be addressed by governments, healthcare professionals, and the general public. We can endeavour to halt this worrying trend and lessen the impact of colon cancer on future generations by addressing lifestyle factors, raising awareness, and extending access to screening and preventative treatments.
The author is the Sr. Medical Oncologist at Positron Superspeciality and Cancer Hospital, Rohtak and Medical oncologist at Cancer Care clinic Faridabad.