From Restrictions to Expansions: US States Enact Diverse Gun Laws for 2025

As the United States continues to grapple with gun violence—recording nearly 500 mass shootings in 2024—several states are enacting new firearm regulations effective January 1, 2025.

California

Governor Gavin Newsom signed multiple gun safety measures in September 2024, some of which begin on January 1. These include requiring schools to adopt safety programs and creating an Office of Gun Violence Prevention, with additional measures set for future implementation.

Colorado

New regulations mandate that handguns stored in unoccupied vehicles must be kept in locked, hard-sided containers, concealed from view, with the vehicle itself also locked. Starting in 2025, concealed carry permit applicants will need to complete an eight-hour training course, including a written test and live-fire exercise.

New Hampshire

In contrast, New Hampshire expanded gun rights. House Bill 1186 strengthens privacy by banning the use of specific merchant category codes (MCCs) related to firearms purchases. Another bill, HB 1336, prohibits employers from preventing employees from storing guns in locked vehicles.

Kentucky

Kentucky is among 10 states that passed legislation banning MCCs for gun retailers, a move supported by the National Rifle Association (NRA). Several states have enacted similar measures, while others, like California, require MCC implementation.

Minnesota

Minnesota has outlawed binary triggers, devices allowing firearms to fire once when the trigger is pulled and again when released. The ban takes effect January 1.

Delaware

Delaware has expanded its Safe School Zone regulations to include university campuses, making it a felony to carry firearms on these premises starting January 1.

These changes reflect a diverse approach to gun legislation across the United States, with some states tightening restrictions and others expanding gun rights.