After the ousting of President Bashar al-Assad, Syria is embarking on a new chapter under the leadership of Ahmed al-Sharaa, formerly known as Abu Mohammed al-Jolani. The Islamist-led coalition that overthrew Assad, including Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), has pledged to uphold the rights of all religious communities while seeking justice for victims of the Assad regime.
Speaking to reporters, al-Sharaa vowed accountability for those involved in torturing detainees, stating, “We will not pardon those involved in torturing detainees.” Over 500,000 Syrians were detained during Assad’s rule, with approximately 100,000 dying under torture or in dire prison conditions, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
The transitional government has reassured minority communities, including Alawites, that their rights will be protected. Mohammad al-Bashir, the newly appointed transitional head of government, emphasized inclusivity, stating, “We will guarantee the rights of all people and sects in Syria.”
Despite initial celebrations across the country, Syrians are grappling with uncertainty about their future. Basic needs like education and affordable goods remain critical concerns for citizens. In Aleppo, shopkeeper Ramadan Dali expressed relief, saying, “We are starting to feel safe.” Meanwhile, others voiced concerns over skyrocketing prices and unclear policies regarding public services.
The international community has urged stability during Syria’s transition. The United Nations, through Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, pledged support for a smooth transfer of power. The UN envoy for Syria, Geir Pedersen, expressed concern about potential civil strife if the transition is not inclusive.
Western powers like Germany and France have called on regional actors, including Turkey and Israel, to avoid actions that might destabilize the fragile transition. Russia, Assad’s key ally, has urged for stability and criticised recent Israeli airstrikes in Syria.
As part of rebuilding efforts, Bashir urged the millions of Syrians who fled the war to return home. “Syria is now a free country that has earned its pride and dignity. Come back,” he appealed. Damascus International Airport, closed since the rebel takeover, is set to reopen soon to facilitate the return of refugees.
Syria faces the monumental task of rebuilding a nation scarred by over a decade of war that claimed more than 500,000 lives and displaced half the population. The transitional government has called for international cooperation, particularly in addressing war crimes and rebuilding infrastructure.
