HPV Affects Everyone: Why Men Need the Vaccine Too

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally, affecting both men and women. However, discussions around HPV prevention and vaccination have largely focused on women, particularly due to its well-documented link to cervical cancer. While vaccinating girls and women is crucial, the failure to address HPV risks in men leaves a significant gap in public health strategies. HPV can also cause serious cancers in men, including penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. Given the increasing incidence of HPV-related cancers among men, gender-inclusive vaccination strategies are essential to curb the virus’s impact.

This article explores why HPV prevention should not be limited to women, the dangers HPV poses to men, and the importance of a comprehensive vaccination approach that includes boys and men.

Understanding HPV and Its Impact on Men

HPV is a group of more than 200 related viruses, 40 of which can infect the genital area. It spreads primarily through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. In most cases, the immune system clears the virus naturally within a year. However, certain high-risk strains can persist and lead to serious health conditions, including cancer.

While HPV is widely associated with cervical cancer in women, it also plays a significant role in cancers affecting men. Studies have shown that HPV is responsible for:

• 50% of penile cancer cases
• 10% of laryngeal cancers
• 33–72% of oropharyngeal cancer cases (cancers of the throat, base of the tongue, and tonsils)
• 85% of anal cancer cases

Additionally, men who have sex with men (MSM) are at a higher risk of HPV-related cancers due to increased exposure to high-risk strains. Despite these risks, vaccination rates among men remain alarmingly low, with only about 4% of men receiving the HPV vaccine globally.

Why Are Men Overlooked in HPV Vaccination Efforts?

Several factors contribute to the lower HPV vaccination rates among men:

1. Lack of Awareness – Many people still believe that HPV only affects women. The strong association between HPV and cervical cancer has overshadowed its risks for men.
2. Misconceptions About Risk – Some men assume they are not at risk, particularly those in heterosexual relationships. However, HPV is common in both men and women, and even monogamous individuals can be exposed to the virus.
3. Poor Immune Response in Men – Research suggests that men do not develop strong immunity against HPV infections naturally, leading to frequent reinfections and higher transmission rates.
4. Social Stigma and Reluctance – Cultural attitudes and lack of conversation about male vaccination contribute to hesitation in receiving the HPV vaccine. Some men feel embarrassed or fear side effects.
5. Healthcare Policies – Many countries have made HPV vaccination mandatory for girls but not for boys, creating an unequal prevention approach.

The Urgent Need for Gender-Inclusive HPV Vaccination

By focusing HPV prevention efforts only on women, we are missing an opportunity to significantly reduce HPV-related cancers in both genders. HPV vaccination can prevent 90% of HPV-related cancers, and its effectiveness is maximized when administered before individuals become sexually active. The ideal age for vaccination is between 11 and 12 years, but older adolescents and adults can still benefit.

Key benefits of vaccinating boys and men include:

• Reducing HPV Transmission – Vaccinating men helps lower overall HPV circulation, protecting both men and women from infection.
• Lowering Cancer Rates – As HPV-related cancers in men are rising, vaccination could significantly reduce cases of penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers.
• Improving Fertility – HPV infections in men can negatively impact sperm health and fertility, making vaccination beneficial for reproductive health.
• Achieving Herd Immunity – Widespread vaccination among both genders can significantly reduce HPV prevalence in the general population.

Strategies to Improve HPV Vaccine Uptake Among Men

To ensure comprehensive HPV protection, public health policies must evolve to include men in vaccination efforts. Some key strategies include:

1. Expanding Vaccine Recommendations – Governments should make HPV vaccination a standard recommendation for boys, just as it is for girls.
2. Educational Campaigns – Awareness programs should emphasize the risks of HPV in men and the benefits of vaccination. Schools, healthcare providers, and media can play a crucial role in spreading this message.
3. Destigmatizing the Vaccine – Encouraging open discussions about HPV can help remove the embarrassment associated with getting vaccinated.
4. Overcoming Misinformation – Correcting myths, such as “HPV is only a women’s issue,” will help more men understand their risks.
5. Lowering Vaccine Costs and Improving Access – Making the HPV vaccine more affordable and widely available can help increase uptake, particularly in lower-income communities.

Global Perspectives on HPV Vaccination for Boys

Some countries have already recognized the importance of vaccinating boys against HPV:

• United States – The CDC recommends HPV vaccination for both boys and girls starting at age 11 or 12.
• Australia – Has one of the most successful HPV vaccination programs, covering both boys and girls.
• United Kingdom – Extended HPV vaccination to boys in 2019 to prevent HPV-related cancers in men.
• Canada – Offers HPV vaccination to both genders, with a strong public health initiative to educate people about its importance.

WHO’s Stand on HPV Vaccination

The World Health Organization (WHO) strongly supports gender-neutral HPV vaccination. According to WHO, vaccinating both boys and girls is one of the most effective ways to reduce the global cancer burden. By expanding vaccination coverage to men, countries can drastically lower HPV-related cancer rates, improving public health outcomes.

A Collective Responsibility

HPV prevention should not be viewed as a women’s issue alone. The virus affects all genders, and men play a crucial role in its transmission. Prioritizing gender-inclusive vaccination can prevent thousands of cancer cases each year and reduce the spread of HPV in the population.

To achieve this, governments, healthcare professionals, educators, and communities must work together to promote equal access to the HPV vaccine. By taking a proactive approach, we can ensure a healthier future for everyone, regardless of gender.

HPV knows no gender, and neither should our prevention efforts. It’s time to shift the narrative and protect both men and women from the dangers of this widespread virus.