Labour Day, a significant American holiday, is celebrated annually on the first Monday in September. In 2024, the holiday falls on September 2. Originally emerging from the labour movement of the 19th century, Labour Day honors the contributions of workers and trade unions during a time of challenging working conditions.
The origins of Labour Day trace back to the 1880s. While Peter J. McGuire, co-founder of the American Federation of Labour, is traditionally credited with proposing the holiday, recent research highlights Matthew Maguire, a machinist and secretary of the Central Labour Union in New York, as a possible originator. The first Labour Day was observed in 1882, with a significant parade organized by the Central Labour Union in New York City, where 10,000 workers marched from City Hall to Union Square.
Labour Day gained widespread acceptance before it became a federal holiday. Oregon was the first state to officially recognize it in 1887, and by 1894, 32 states had adopted the holiday. The national recognition of Labour Day came in response to widespread unrest among workers. Following violent strikes and government intervention in Chicago involving the Pullman Palace Car Company, Congress passed a law establishing Labour Day as a federal holiday. President Grover Cleveland signed the legislation on June 28, 1894, in response to the labour struggles that had captured national attention.
Today, Labour Day is marked by parades, community gatherings, and speeches from public officials, celebrating the achievements of workers and the importance of labour unions. The holiday reflects the enduring significance of labour rights and the contributions of workers throughout American history.
