On March 28, 2025, protests in Kathmandu demanding Nepal’s restoration as a Hindu state turned violent, leaving several injured. Clashes erupted when demonstrators attempted to breach police barricades and threw stones. In response, police fired tear gas and detained several protesters. The unrest reflects rising tensions over Nepal’s political and religious identity.

Background of the Protests

The protests were led by pro-monarchy and pro-Hindu state supporters advocating for Nepal’s reinstatement as a Hindu kingdom. The movement gained momentum after former King Gyanendra Shah’s February 2025 call for unity and monarchy restoration. Supporters argue that Nepal’s transition to a secular republic in 2008 marginalized Hindu traditions.

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In March 2025, pro-monarchist activists formed the Joint People’s Movement Committee, led by 87-year-old Nabaraj Subedi. The committee demanded either the reinstatement of the 1991 constitution or amendments to restore a constitutional monarchy and Nepal’s Hindu identity. Protesters also called for a nationwide referendum on the country’s political system.

Government and Security Response

Anticipating large-scale demonstrations, authorities designated separate protest areas—Bhrikutimandap for the Socialist Front and Koteshwar for royalists. Around 5,000 security personnel were deployed across Kathmandu to prevent violence. Despite these measures, confrontations escalated as demonstrators tried to march towards key government buildings. Authorities detained several protest leaders and imposed temporary roadblocks in major areas. Shops and businesses remained closed in protest-heavy zones. The government urged dialogue but warned against attempts to disrupt public order.

The protests caused major disruptions in Kathmandu, affecting traffic, businesses, and daily life. Authorities enforced diversions to manage crowds and maintain safety. Several commuters were stranded as public transport services were halted in affected areas. Religious groups and political analysts remain divided on the issue. While pro-monarchists see the movement as a fight to protect Nepal’s cultural heritage, secularists warn that reinstating a Hindu state could deepen religious and ethnic divisions.

The March 28 clashes highlight Nepal’s deepening divide over its political and religious future. As pro-monarchist sentiment grows, the government faces mounting pressure to address demands while upholding the secular republic. The coming months could see further demonstrations, making political stability a key challenge for Nepalese leaders.