The boxing match between Imane Khelif of Algeria and Angela Carini of Italy at the Paris Olympics sparked a debate about gender eligibility in sports. Carini’s withdrawal after just 46 seconds, citing Khelif’s unusual strength, reignited the discussion.
Testosterone, often associated with masculinity, plays a crucial role in sports performance. It helps build muscle mass, strength, and even red blood cell production. This is particularly beneficial in power and endurance sports like weightlifting, sprinting, and throwing events. However, the effect is less clear in finesse-based sports like archery or gymnastics.
Some athletes are born with DSD, a variation in sex characteristics that falls outside the typical male/female categories. These conditions can lead to naturally higher testosterone levels. Sports federations like World Athletics have implemented testosterone limits for certain female events, requiring some athletes with DSD to undergo hormone therapy to compete. This is a complex issue with ongoing debates about fairness and inclusivity.
While testosterone can enhance performance, excessively high levels can lead to health concerns in women. These include increased risk of heart disease, stroke, blood clots, liver damage, and even mood swings and depression. It’s important to note that these risks are primarily associated with external testosterone use, not naturally high levels.
The Khelif-Carini incident highlights the complex interplay between testosterone, athletic performance, and gender eligibility. While ensuring fairness is crucial, finding inclusive solutions for athletes with DSD remains a work in progress. Monitoring testosterone levels can be important for health reasons, but naturally high levels don’t necessarily translate to health risks.
