Palestinian factions, including Hamas and Fatah, along with 12 other groups, have signed a “national unity” agreement in China aimed at maintaining Palestinian control over Gaza after Israel’s ongoing war on the enclave concludes. The agreement, brokered by Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi after intensive talks, paves the way for an “interim national reconciliation government” to govern post-war Gaza.
Mousa Abu Marzouk, a senior Hamas official, emphasized the significance of national unity in their journey towards establishing a unified leadership. Mustapha Barghouti, representing the Palestinian National Initiative among the signatories, highlighted the agreement’s comprehensive nature, focusing on establishing a unity government, forming unified leadership, holding elections, and presenting a united front against Israeli attacks.
The move towards reconciliation is seen as crucial in preventing Israeli efforts to influence Gaza’s governance against Palestinian interests. Hamas, known for advocating armed resistance, and Fatah, controlling the Palestinian Authority with administrative control over the West Bank, have historically been bitter rivals since Hamas took control of Gaza in 2006.
Past attempts at reconciliation have failed, but amidst ongoing war and external discussions on Gaza’s governance post-conflict, pressure mounted for unity among Palestinians. Mustapha Barghouti emphasized the urgency for Palestinians to unite against injustice, stressing that signing the agreement is only the first step—implementation is crucial.
China, having previously hosted talks between Fatah and Hamas in April, continues to play a mediating role, supporting Palestinian reconciliation and a two-state solution. Chinese President Xi Jinping has called for international efforts towards peace, underscoring the international community’s role in supporting Palestinian unity efforts.