China Builds Over 200 Prisons for Xi Jinping’s Anti-Corruption Campaign

China has constructed or expanded over 200 specialized detention facilities, known as “liuzhi” centres, to support President Xi Jinping’s expanding anti-corruption campaign, reports CNN. These centres are designed to hold suspects for up to six months without access to legal counsel or family visits.

Xi’s Ongoing Anti-Corruption Campaign

Since assuming power in 2012, President Xi has focused heavily on fighting corruption and strengthening control over the Communist Party and military. His anti-corruption drive has evolved into a signature aspect of his leadership, targeting not only party officials but also individuals in public institutions.

Liuzhi Centres Replace Controversial “Shuanggui” System

Codified in 2018, the liuzhi system replaced the widely criticized “shuanggui” system, which was known for abuse and torture. These centres are equipped with padded surfaces, constant surveillance, and round-the-clock guards to monitor detainees. The targets include Communist Party officials, civil servants, public institution managers, and businesspeople suspected of bribery. Notable detainees include billionaire Bao Fan and former soccer star Li Tie.

Rapid Expansion of Detention Facilities

Between 2017 and November 2024, over 218 liuzhi centres were constructed or expanded, with construction accelerating after the pandemic. Authorities have set up standard construction guidelines for these centres as part of a national plan running through 2027.

Criticism of Abuse and Forced Confessions

Critics argue that the expanded detention regime allows for the abuse of power and forced confessions. Lawyers representing detainees claim that suspects often endure psychological pressure, threats, and torture. Former official Chen Jianjun, who endured harsh conditions during his detention, has shared details of his experience, including sleep deprivation and long hours of forced posture.

Concerns Over Abuse of Power

There are concerns that local anti-graft agencies might misuse their authority to detain businesspeople on false charges to extort bribes. Economist Zhou Tianyong has called for reform, warning that such practices could negatively impact China’s economy.

Controversial Proposed Amendments

A proposed amendment to the national supervision law has raised eyebrows. While it calls for “lawful, civilized, and standardized” interrogation methods, it does not guarantee detainees access to legal counsel during liuzhi detention. The amendment also suggests extending the maximum detention period from six to eight months.