The Indus River blind dolphin continues to face significant threats. This is an endangered freshwater species that is only found in Pakistan. Pollution from sewage, fertilizers, pesticides, industrial waste, and harmful fishing practices are jeopardizing the existence of this unique aquatic mammal.
Listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List, the Indus blind dolphin’s population was recorded at only 500 in 1992. These numbers increased to around 2,000 by 2017 because of conversion efforts. However, ongoing human activities and habitat destruction still pose substantial risks to their survival.
Unique Adaptations
Scientifically distinct from its cousin in the Ganges River, the Indus blind dolphin evolved to adapt to its muddy river environment, losing its eyesight over millennia. Despite being blind, it relies on echolocation to navigate and hunt, using its long, saw-like snout with small teeth. However, dams and barrages along the Indus River have fragmented its natural habitat, restricting movement and breeding.
Fishing Nets and Human Carelessness
Fishing nets pose a severe threat as they often entangle dolphins as they pursue trapped fish. Additionally, some dolphins have been killed due to human carelessness such as attempts to capture selfies, which is leading to legal action against offenders.
WWF Pakistan’s Role
WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) Pakistan is at the forefront of protecting this species. Tawheed Ghani Mehsar, WWF Manager, emphasized the need for widespread awareness among fishing communities and the use of modern technologies like “pingers,” which emit sounds to deter dolphins from approaching fishing nets.
Local myths also complicate conservation efforts as some villagers believe the dolphin was once a mermaid that turned into a fish.
Innovative Tracking and Rescue Efforts
In early 2022, three Indus dolphins were tagged with satellite transmitters, providing valuable data on their movements and habitats. Approximately 300 stranded dolphins have been rescued over the past two decades. Rescued Dolphins are safely released back into the river using a road transport process that ensures their survival.
